Covered Entities Under The New York Voting Rights Act
Topics covered
Below is the list of covered entities identified by Office of the New York State Attorney General as of May 27, 2025.
A “covered entity” shall include:
(a) any political subdivision which, within the previous twenty-five years, has become subject to a court order or government enforcement action based upon a finding of any violation of this title, the federal voting rights act, the fifteenth amendment to the United States constitution, or a voting-related violation of the fourteenth amendment to the United States constitution;
(b) any political subdivision which, within the previous twenty-five years, has become subject to at least three court orders or government enforcement actions based upon a finding of any violation of any state or federal civil rights law or the fourteenth amendment to the United States constitution concerning discrimination against members of a protected class;
(c) any county in which, based on data provided by the division of criminal justice services, the combined misdemeanor and felony arrest rate of voting age members of any protected class consisting of at least ten thousand citizens of voting age or whose members comprise at least ten percent of the citizen voting age population of the county, exceeds the proportion that the protected class constitutes of the citizen voting age population of the county as a whole by at least twenty percentage points at any point within the previous ten years;
(d) any political subdivision in which, based on data made available by the United States census, the dissimilarity index of any protected class consisting of at least twenty-five thousand citizens of voting age or whose members comprise at least ten percent of the citizen voting age population of the political subdivision, is in excess of fifty with respect to non-Hispanic white individuals within the political subdivision at any point within the previous ten years;
(e) any political subdivision in which a board of elections has been established, if such political subdivision contains a covered entity fully within its borders; or
(f) any board of elections that has been established in a political subdivision that is a covered entity pursuant to paragraph (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) of this subdivision.
See N.Y. Elec. Law § 17-210(3).
Counties
Covered entity | Detail |
AlbanyA, C, D, E, F | Paragraph (a) Paragraph (c) Paragraph (d) Paragraph (e) Paragraph (f) |
BronxD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2023 |
ErieA, C, D, E, F | Paragraph (a) Paragraph (c) Paragraph (d) Paragraph (e) Paragraph (f) |
KingsC, D | Paragraph (c) Paragraph (d) |
MonroeC, D, E, F | Paragraph (c) Paragraph (d) Paragraph (e) Paragraph (f) |
NassauC, D, E, F | Paragraph (c) Paragraph (d) Paragraph (e) Paragraph (f) |
NiagaraC, F | Paragraph (c) Paragraph (f) |
New YorkC, D | Paragraph (c) Paragraph (d) |
OnondagaC, D, F | Paragraph (c) Paragraph (d) Paragraph (f) |
OrangeA, F | Paragraph (a) Paragraph (f) |
PutnamC, F | Paragraph (c) Paragraph (f) |
QueensD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2023 |
RichmondC, D | Paragraph (c) Paragraph (d) |
RocklandC, D, E, F | Paragraph (c) Paragraph (d) Paragraph (e) Paragraph (f) |
SchenectadyC, D, F | Paragraph (c) Paragraph (d) Paragraph (f) |
SuffolkA, C, D, E, F | Paragraph (a) Paragraph (c) Paragraph (d) Paragraph (e) Paragraph (f) |
WestchesterA, C, D, E, F | Paragraph (a) Paragraph (c) Paragraph (d) Paragraph (e) Paragraph (f) |
Cities
Covered entities | Detail |
AlbanyD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2021 |
BuffaloD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2023 |
Mount VernonD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2023 |
New RochelleA | New Rochelle Voter Defense Fund v. City of New Rochelle, Case No. 03-CV3965, 308 F. Supp. 2d 152 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) |
New York CityB, D, E, F | Paragraph (b) Floyd v. City of New York, Case No. 08-CV-1034, 959 F. Supp. 2d 540 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) People v. Morant, Case No. 4904/1995, 136 N.Y.S.3d 685 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 2020) Paragraph (d) Paragraph (e) Paragraph (f) |
RochesterA, D | Paragraph (a) Paragraph (d) |
YonkersD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2023 |
Towns
Covered entities | Detail |
BabylonD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2023 |
CheektowagaD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2019 |
GreenburghD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2022 |
HempsteadD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2023 |
IslipA, D | Paragraph (a) Paragraph (d) |
RamapoD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2023 |
Villages
Covered entities | Detail |
Port ChesterA | Paragraph (a) Supp. 2d 411 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) |
School districts
Albany City School DistrictD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2021 |
Brentwood Union Free School DistrictA | Paragraph (a) United States v. The Brentwood Union Free School Dist., Case No. 03-CV02775 (E.D.N.Y. filed June 4, 2003), ECF No. 4 (filed July 16, 2003) |
Buffalo City School DistrictD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2023 |
East Ramapo Central School DistrictA, D | Paragraph (a) Paragraph (d) |
Mount Vernon School DistrictD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2023 |
Rochester City School DistrictD | Paragraph (d) Covered most recently as of 2023 |